Cov khoom muag PVC muaj qee yam khoom siv plasticizer. Cov plasticizers no yuav tsiv teb tsaws, rho tawm thiab volatilize mus rau qhov sib txawv thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thib ob thiab siv cov khoom. Kev poob ntawm plasticizer yuav tsis tsuas yog txo qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom siv PVC, tab sis kuj ua paug rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom thiab kev sib cuag. Ntau qhov tseeb, nws yuav coj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab kev rho tawm ntawm plasticizer tau dhau los ua qhov teeb meem loj uas txwv tsis pub siv dav hauv cov khoom muag PVC.

Nyob rau hauv PVC system, uas tsis muaj kev ceev oxidized polyethylene siv quav ciab yuav tsum plasticized ua ntej ntawm lub sij hawm, thiab lub tom qab torque yog txo. Nws muaj zoo heev hauv thiab sab nraud lubrication. Nws tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov sib txawv ntawm cov xim, muab cov khoom lag luam zoo nkauj thiab txhim kho kev tsim khoom.

Cov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo ntawm plasticizer tsiv teb tsaws thiab tshem tawm
1. Thaum kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab tshem tawm ntawm plasticizer hauv PVC yog qhov hnyav, cov khoom yuav hloov pauv zoo heev, ua rau softening, tackiness thiab txawm nto rupture ntawm cov khoom. Cov precipitates feem ntau ua rau cov khoom muaj kuab paug thiab cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm thib ob ntawm cov khoom. Piv txwv li, plasticizer molecules nyob rau hauv PVC waterproof coiled cov ntaub ntawv migrate, thiab PVC tsis muaj plasticizer yuav shrink thiab harden, uas yuav ua rau tsis ua hauj lwm ntawm waterproof. Thaum cov khoom muag PVC yog pasted nrog cov kuab tshuaj raws li cov nplaum nplaum, cov yas hauv cov khoom yuav feem ntau tsiv mus rau cov txheej txheem sib txuas, ua rau muaj kev poob qis hauv kev sib txuas, ua rau muaj teeb meem xws li kev sib txuas tsis muaj zog lossis degumming. Thaum cov khoom muag PVC yog coated los yog pleev xim rau, lawv kuj ntsib teeb meem ntawm txheej los yog xim txheej ntog vim yog extraction ntawm plasticizer. PVC printing, plasticizer extraction yog ib tug loj taboo nyob rau hauv number case thiab printing manufacturing kev lag luam.
2, Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm plasticizer nag lossis daus hauv PVC, qee cov khoom, xws li cov xim granules, flavour, antistatic agents thiab stabilizers, yuav raug coj tawm. Vim tias qhov poob ntawm cov khoom no, lub cev lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv PVC yuav poob qis, thiab qee qhov khoom yuav txawm ploj. Cov precipitates no tseem yuav ua qias tuaj thiab rhuav tshem cov khoom nyob ze nrog lawv. Yog tias cov khoom muag muag PVC thiab polystyrene muab tso ua ke, cov yas txav los ntawm PVC yuav cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv polystyrene thiab ua rau cov khoom muag muag ntawm polystyrene.
Daim ntawv ntawm plasticizer poob
Plasticizers, tshwj tsis yog polyester thiab lwm yam siab molecular hnyav plasticizers, yog cov organic me me molecular tshuaj. Thaum lawv ntxiv rau PVC, lawv tsis yog polymerized ntawm PVC polymer saw, tab sis tau ua ke nrog PVC molecules los ntawm hydrogen daim ntawv cog lus los yog van der Waals quab yuam kom khaws lawv cov tshuaj muaj zog ywj pheej.
Thaum cov mos PVC yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog cov nruab nrab taag (gas theem, theem kua thiab cov khoom theem) ntev, lub plasticizer yuav maj mam daws los ntawm PVC thiab nkag mus rau hauv nruab nrab. Raws li kev sib cuag xov xwm, cov ntaub ntawv poob ntawm plasticizer tuaj yeem muab faib ua volatilization poob, rho tawm poob thiab tsiv teb tsaws poob.
Cov txheej txheem poob ntawm plasticizer volatilization, rho tawm thiab tsiv teb tsaws suav nrog peb theem pib:
(1) Lub plasticizer diffuses rau sab hauv;
(2) Lub puab nto hloov mus rau hauv lub xeev "recumbent";
(3) Diffuse deb ntawm qhov chaw.

Qhov poob ntawm plasticizer muaj feem xyuam rau nws tus kheej molecular qauv, molecular hnyav, compatibility nrog polymer, nruab nrab, ib puag ncig thiab lwm yam. Lub volatilization ntawm plasticizer tsuas yog nyob ntawm nws qhov hnyav molecular thiab ambient kub, lub extractability feem ntau yog nyob ntawm solubility ntawm plasticizer nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, thiab kev mus los yog ze ze rau lub compatibility ntawm plasticizer thiab PVC. Lub diffusion ntawm plasticizer hauv PVC tuaj yeem ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm polymer thiab nruab nrab uas yuav tsis nkag mus rau hauv lub polymer, lossis nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm nruab nrab uas yuav nkag mus rau hauv lub polymer. Cov kev hloov pauv sib txawv thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom siv polymer yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov sib txawv ntawm plasticizer. Lub interfacial diffusion ntawm plasticizer yog cov txheej txheem nyuaj, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm nruab nrab, PVC polymer thiab plasticizer.
Influencing yam ntawm plasticizer migration thiab extraction
1. Tus txheeb ze molecular hnyav thiab molecular qauv ntawm plasticizer
Qhov loj dua tus txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm plasticizer, qhov loj ntawm cov pawg muaj nyob rau hauv lub molecule, qhov nyuaj dua rau lawv diffuse nyob rau hauv plasticized PVC, qhov tsawg dua lawv ncav cuag qhov chaw, thiab qhov tsawg dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev rho tawm thiab tsiv teb tsaws. Yuav kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg zoo, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog uas cov txheeb ze molecular hnyav ntawm plasticizer yog ntau tshaj 350. Polyesters thiab phenylpolyacid esters (xws li trimellitic acid esters) plasticizers nrog ib tug txheeb ze molecular luj ntawm ntau tshaj 1000 muaj zoo heev durability.
2. Ib puag ncig qhov kub thiab txias
ambient kub ntawm PVC cov khoom, qhov ntau khaus Brownian motion ntawm molecules, thiab ntau zog ntawm plasticizer molecules thiab PVC macromolecules, uas ua rau nws yooj yim rau plasticizer molecules diffuse rau cov khoom nto thiab ntxiv mus. qhov nruab nrab.
3. Plasticizer cov ntsiab lus
Feem ntau, ntau dua cov ntsiab lus ntawm plasticizer Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv cov mis, ntau plasticizer molecules nyob rau hauv plasticized PVC thiab ntau plasticizer molecules ntawm cov khoom nto. Qhov yooj yim dua cov plasticizer yog ntes los ntawm kev sib cuag nruab nrab thiab muab rho tawm los yog tsiv teb tsaws, thiab tom qab ntawd cov plasticizer puab cov molecules ntws thiab ntxiv los ntawm qhov siab concentration mus rau qhov qis concentration nto. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntau cov yas yas me me thiab nruab nrab hauv PVC, qhov ntau dua qhov tshwm sim ntawm qee qhov kev sib tsoo thiab kev ua ntawm plasticizer molecules, thiaj li ua kom tsis muaj zog ntawm kev sib khi ntawm qee cov plasticizer molecules thiab PVC macromolecules thiab ua rau lawv txav thiab nthuav tawm hauv. PVC yooj yim dua. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, qhov nce ntawm plasticizer cov ntsiab lus ua rau lub plasticizer yooj yim rau diffuse.
4. Qhov nruab nrab
Kev rho tawm thiab tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizer tsis yog tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom ntawm plasticizer nws tus kheej, tab sis kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog qhov nruab nrab ntawm kev sib cuag. Lub physicochemical zog ntawm cov kua nruab nrab nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog plasticized PVC yog lub ntsiab yam tseem ceeb cuam tshuam lub extraction ntawm plasticizer. General plasticizers yooj yim muab rho tawm los ntawm roj av lossis roj cov kuab tshuaj, tab sis nyuaj rau muab rho tawm los ntawm dej.
5. Lub Sijhawm
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm DOP hauv PVC zaj duab xis yog cuam tshuam nrog lub sijhawm. Thaum pib ntawm kev tsiv teb tsaws, tus nqi nrawm dua. Lub concentration ntawm plasticizer migrating rau saum npoo yog linear nrog lub square cag ntawm lub sij hawm tsiv teb tsaws. Tom qab ntawd, nrog rau ncua sij hawm, qhov kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw maj mam txo qis thiab nce mus txog qhov sib npaug tom qab lub sijhawm (720h sab laug thiab sab xis).

Kev ntsuas los daws cov nag lossis daus thiab kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm PVC plasticizer
1. Ntxiv polyester plasticizer
Polyester plasticizer muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog DOP thiab lwm yam me me molecular plasticizers. Thaum muaj qee qhov nyiaj ntawm polyester plasticizer hauv PVC plasticizer, nws tuaj yeem nyiam thiab txhim kho lwm cov plasticizers kom tsis txhob ya mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov khoom siv PVC, thiaj li txo tau thiab tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws thiab tshem tawm ntawm plasticizer.
2. Ntxiv nanoparticles
Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm nanoparticles tuaj yeem txo qhov kev txav mus los hauv cov PVC mos thiab txhim kho cov kev pabcuam thiab kev pabcuam lub neej ntawm cov ntaub ntawv mos PVC. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov nanoparticles sib txawv los tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizer txawv, thiab cov nyhuv ntawm nano SiO2 zoo dua li ntawm nano CaCO3.

3. Siv cov kua ionic

Ionic kua tuaj yeem tswj cov iav hloov pauv kub ntawm polymer hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Lub elastic modulus ntawm cov khoom ntxiv nrog ionic kua yog sib npaug rau qhov ntawd thaum DOP yog siv los ua plasticizer. Ionic kua yog ib qho zoo tagnrho hloov rau plasticizer vim nws tsis tshua muaj volatilization ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tsis muaj leachability thiab zoo UV stability.
4. Nto txau cov txheej tiv thaiv txheej
txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom tsis txav chaw ntawm cov khoom siv polymer kom txo tau cov leaching thiab tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizer. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm txoj kev no yog tias nws tuaj yeem txo qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev sim qhia tau hais tias cov txheej txheem txheej txheej no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov leaching ntawm plasticizer zoo thiab muaj cov ntawv thov dav dav hauv kev kho mob PVC.
5. Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov
dej hauv cov dej uas tsim nyog rau theem hloov pauv catalyst, lub plasticizer nto yog hloov nrog sodium sulfide. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm lub teeb, qhov chaw ntawm PVC cov khoom tsim ib tug network qauv, uas yuav ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizer. Cov mos PVC kho los ntawm txoj kev no yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev siv hauv kev kho mob thiab lwm yam khoom siv.
6. Kev hloov kho deg
Lub leaching ntawm plasticizer nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj polymer tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho cov yam ntxwv ntawm polymer nto. Ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho thev naus laus zis, grafting dej-soluble polymer rau saum npoo yog ib qho ntawm cov lus qhia tseem ceeb.
Nws tau pom tias txoj kev grafting PEG rau ntawm qhov chaw mos PVC yuav tsum tau siv los txhim kho cov hydrophilicity ntawm substrate nto, thiaj li tiv thaiv cov leaching ntawm plasticizer.
Tsis tas li ntawd, siv cov theem hloov pauv catalyst thiab thiosulfate anion los hloov cov tshuaj chlorine atoms hauv PVC hauv cov tshuaj aqueous kuj tuaj yeem txhim kho qhov dej ntawm qhov dej thiab tiv thaiv cov leaching thiab hloov ntawm plasticizer hauv cov kuab tshuaj sib txawv xws li hexane.
Xaus:
Kev rho tawm thiab tsiv teb tsaws ntawm plasticizer yog ib qho teeb meem tseem ceeb hauv kev siv cov khoom muag PVC. Yog tias nws tsis tuaj yeem daws tau zoo, nws yuav tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau kev pabcuam kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov khoom muag PVC, tab sis kuj coj qee yam kev puas tsuaj rau tib neeg nyob ib puag ncig thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv. Yog li ntawd, qhov teeb meem no tau nyiam ntau thiab ntau dua.
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