Imikhiqizo ethambile ye-PVC iqukethe izingxenye ezithile ze-plasticizer. Lawa ma-plasticizer azofuduka, akhiphe futhi aguquke abe ngamazinga ahlukahlukene ngesikhathi sokucubungula kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo. Ukulahlekelwa kwe-plasticizer ngeke nje kunciphise ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-PVC, kodwa futhi kungcolise ubuso bemikhiqizo noxhumana nabo. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, kuzoletha uchungechunge lwezinkinga emvelweni nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ukufuduka nokukhishwa kwe-plasticizer kube isithiyo esikhulu esivimbela ukusetshenziswa okubanzi kwemikhiqizo ethambile ye-PVC.

Kuhlelo lwe-PVC, i- polyethylene wax ene-oxidizedingenziwa ipulasitiki kusenesikhathi, futhi i-torque yakamuva iyancipha. Inokugcoba okuhle kakhulu kwangaphakathi nangaphandle. Ingathuthukisa ukuhlakazeka kombala, inikeze imikhiqizo ukukhanya okuhle futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza.

Imiphumela emibi yokufuduka kwe-plasticizer nokuhoxiswa
1. Uma ukufuduka nokukhishwa kwe-plasticizer ku-PVC kubi kakhulu, imikhiqizo izoshintsha kakhulu, okuholela ekuthambeni, ukuthungatha kanye nokuqhekeka kwangaphezulu kwemikhiqizo. Imvula ivame ukubangela ukungcoliswa komkhiqizo futhi ithinte ukucubungula kwesibili kwemikhiqizo. Isibonelo, ama-molecule e-plasticizer ezinto ezihlanganisiwe ze-PVC ezingangeni manzi ziyafuduka, futhi i-PVC ngaphandle kwe-plasticizer izoshwabana futhi ibe lukhuni, okungase kuholele ekuhlulekeni komsebenzi ongangenisi amanzi. Uma imikhiqizo ye-PVC ethambile inamathiselwe nge-adhesive evamile esekelwe ku-solvent, i-plasticizer engaphakathi kwemikhiqizo izovame ukuthuthela kungqimba oluyisibopho, okuholela ekwehleni okubukhali kwamandla okubopha, okuholela ezinkingeni ezifana nokubopha okubuthakathaka noma ukukhulula i-degumming. Lapho imikhiqizo ye-PVC ethambile iboshwe noma ipendiwe, iphinde ibhekane nenkinga yokwemboza noma ungqimba lwepende oluwa ngenxa yokukhishwa kwe-plasticizer. Ukuphrinta kwe-PVC, ukukhishwa kwe-plasticizer kuyinto enkulu embonini yokukhiqiza uyinki nokuphrinta.
2, Enqubweni yemvula ye-plasticizer ku-PVC, ezinye izakhi, njengama-pigment granules, ama-flavour, ama-antistatic agents kanye nama-stabilizers, azokhishwa. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwalezi zingxenye, izakhiwo ezibonakalayo zemikhiqizo ye-PVC zizokwehla, futhi ezinye izakhiwo zizolahleka. Lezi zimvula zizophinde zingcolise futhi zicekele phansi izinto ezisondelene nazo. Uma i-PVC ethambile nemikhiqizo ye-polystyrene ihlanganiswa, i-plasticizer ithuthwe isuka ku-PVC izothinta ukusebenza kwemikhiqizo ye-polystyrene futhi ibangele ukuthamba kwemikhiqizo ye-polystyrene.
Ifomu lokulahlekelwa kwe-plasticizer Ama-
Plasticizer, ngaphandle kwe-polyester namanye ama-plasticizers anesisindo samangqamuzana aphezulu, ayizinto ezincane zamangqamuzana eziphilayo. Lapho engezwa ku-PVC, awenziwa i-polymerized ochungechungeni lwe-polymer ye-PVC, kodwa ahlanganiswa nama-molecule e-PVC nge-hydrogen bond noma i-van der Waals force ukuze agcine izakhiwo zawo zamakhemikhali ezizimele.
Lapho i-PVC ethambile ithintana nendawo ehleliwe (isigaba segesi, isigaba se-liquid kanye nesigaba esiqinile) isikhathi eside, i-plasticizer izoxazululwa kancane kancane kusuka ku-PVC bese ingena phakathi. Ngokusho kwemithombo yezokuxhumana ehlukene, izinhlobo zokulahlekelwa ze-plasticizer zingahlukaniswa zibe ukulahlekelwa kwe-volatilization, ukulahlekelwa kokukhipha kanye nokulahlekelwa kokufuduka.
Inqubo yokulahlekelwa kwe-plasticizer volatilization, isizinda kanye nokufuduka ihlanganisa izigaba ezintathu eziyisisekelo:
(1) I-plasticizer isakazeka endaweni engaphakathi;
(2) Ingaphakathi lishintsha libe yisimo “sokugoba”;
(3) Hlukanisa kude nendawo.

Ukulahlekelwa kwe-plasticizer kuhlobene nesakhiwo sayo samangqamuzana, isisindo samangqamuzana, ukuhambisana ne-polymer, medium, imvelo nezinye izici. I-volatilization ye-plasticizer incike kakhulu esisindweni sayo samangqamuzana kanye nezinga lokushisa elizungezile, ukukhishwa ikakhulukazi kuncike ekuncibilikeni kwe-plasticizer phakathi nendawo, futhi ukuhamba kuhlobene eduze nokuhambisana kwe-plasticizer ne-PVC. Ukusabalalisa kwe-plasticizer ku-PVC kungenziwa ngaphansi kwemibandela ye-polymer ne-medium engeke ingene ku-polymer, noma ngaphansi kwezimo ze-medium ezongena ku-polymer. Izinguquko ezahlukene kanye nokusabela kwe-polymer surface kuzothinta ukusakazeka kwe-plasticizer. Ukusatshalaliswa kobuso be-plasticizer kuyinqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, ehlobene nokusebenzisana kwe-medium, i-PVC polymer ne-plasticizer.
Izici ezithonya ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer nokukhipha
1. Isisindo samangqamuzana
esihlobene
2. Izinga lokushisa
lemvelo Uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile liphezulu lemikhiqizo ye-PVC, kulapho ukunyakaza kwama-molecule e-Brownian kushuba kakhulu, namandla amakhulu phakathi kwama-molecule e-plasticizer nama-macromolecules e-PVC, okwenza kube lula ngama-molecule e-plasticizer ukuthi asakazeke endaweni yomkhiqizo futhi aqhubekele phambili okuphakathi.
3. Okuqukethwe kwe-Plasticizer
Ngokuvamile, ukuphakama kwezingxenye ze-plasticizer kwifomula, ama-molecule e-plasticizer engeziwe ku-PVC eyenziwe ngepulasitiki kanye nama-molecule e-plasticizer ngaphezulu endaweni yomkhiqizo. Lapho i-plasticizer ibanjwa kalula indlela yokuxhumana futhi ikhishwe noma ithuthwe, bese ama-molecule e-plasticizer angaphakathi egeleza futhi anezele ukusuka ekugxilweni okuphezulu kuya endaweni yokuhlushwa ephansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-plasticizers amancane naphakathi nendawo ku-PVC, ayanda amathuba okushayisana okuthile kanye nesenzo phakathi kwama-molecule e-plasticizer, ukuze enze buthaka amandla okubopha phakathi kwama-molecule e-plasticizer nama-macromolecules e-PVC futhi enze ukunyakaza kwawo nokusabalalisa I-PVC ilula. Ngakho-ke, ebangeni elithile, ukwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-plasticizer kwenza i-plasticizer ibe lula ukusabalalisa.
4. I-medium
Ukukhishwa nokufuduka kwe-plasticizer akuhlobene kuphela nezakhiwo ze-plasticizer ngokwayo, kodwa futhi kuhlobene eduze ne-medium in contact. Izici ze-physicochemical ze-liquid medium ezithintana ne-PVC eyenziwe ngepulasitiki yizinto eziyinhloko ezithinta ukukhishwa kwe-plasticizer. Ama-plasticizers ajwayelekile kulula ukukhishwa ngophethiloli noma izincibilikisi zikawoyela, kodwa kunzima ukukhishwa ngamanzi.
5. Isikhathi
Ngokusho kwezincwadi, izinga lokufuduka kwe-DOP kufilimu ye-PVC lihlobene nesikhathi. Esigabeni sokuqala sokufuduka, izinga liyashesha. Iqoqo le-plasticizer elithuthela phezulu lihambisana nempande yesikwele yesikhathi sokufuduka. Bese, ngokwandiswa kwesikhathi, izinga lokufuduka liyehla kancane kancane futhi lifinyelele ekulinganeni ngemva kwesikhathi esithile (720h kwesokunxele nakwesokudla).

Izinyathelo zokuxazulula imvula nokufuduka kwe-PVC plasticizer
1. Ukwengeza i-polyester plasticizer I-
Polyester plasticizer inobudlelwane obuhle ne-DOP namanye ama-plasticizer amangqamuzana amancane. Uma kunenani elithile le-polyester plasticizer ku-PVC plasticizer, ingaheha futhi ilungise amanye ama-plasticizers ukuze angasabalalisi ebusweni bemikhiqizo ye-PVC, ukuze kuncishiswe futhi kuvinjwe ukufuduka nokukhipha i-plasticizer.
2. Ukwengeza ama-nanoparticles
Ukwengezwa kwama-nanoparticles kunganciphisa izinga lokulahlekelwa ukuhamba ku-PVC ethambile futhi kuthuthukise ukusebenza kwesevisi kanye nempilo yesevisi yezinto ezithambile ze-PVC. Ikhono lama-nanoparticles ahlukene lokuvimbela ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer lihlukile, futhi umphumela we-nano SiO2 ungcono kune-nano CaCO3.

3. Sebenzisa uketshezi lwe-ionic

I-ionic liquid ingalawula izinga lokushisa lengilazi le-polymer ebangeni elikhulu lokushisa. I-elastic modulus yento engezwe ngoketshezi lwe-ionic ilingana naleyo lapho i-DOP isetshenziswa njenge-plasticizer. I-Ionic liquid ithatha indawo ekahle ye-plasticizer ngenxa yokuguquguquka kwayo okuphansi ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu, ukuvuza okuphansi kanye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-UV.
4. Ukufafaza okuvikelayo
okungaphezulu Ukumboza ungqimba lwempahla engafuduki endaweni ye-polymer ukuze kuncishiswe ukuleaching kanye nokufuduka kwe-plasticizer. Ububi bale ndlela ukuthi ingase inciphise ukuguquguquka kwezinto. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi lobu buchwepheshe bokumboza bungavimbela ngempumelelo ukukhishwa kwe-plasticizer futhi bunethuba elibanzi lesicelo emkhakheni we-PVC yezokwelapha.
5. Ukuhlobana komphezulu
Emanzini ane-catalyst yokudlulisa isigaba esifanele, indawo ye-plasticizer ilungiswa nge-sodium sulfide. Ngaphansi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ubuso bemikhiqizo ye-PVC yakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi, esingavimbela ngokuphumelelayo ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer. I-PVC ethambile ephathwa ngale ndlela ifaneleka kakhulu ukusetshenziswa kumishini yezokwelapha nehlobene.
6. Ukuguqulwa
kobuso Ukukhishwa kwe-plasticizer kusixazululo se-polymer kungalawulwa ngokulungisa izici ze-polymer surface. Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuningi bokulungisa, ukuxhunyelelwa kwe-polymer encibilika emanzini kungenye yezindlela eziyinhloko.
Kuphakanyiswa ukuthi indlela yokuxhunyelelwa i-PEG ebusweni be-PVC ethambile kufanele isetshenziselwe ukuthuthukisa i-hydrophilicity ye-substrate surface, ukuze kuvinjwe ukucwiliswa kwe-plasticizer.
Ukwengeza, ukusebenzisa i-catalyst yokudlulisa isigaba kanye ne-thiosulfate anion ukufaka ama-athomu e-chlorine ku-PVC ohlelweni lwesisombululo esinamanzi kungase futhi kuthuthukise i-hydrophilicity engaphezulu futhi kuvimbele ukucwiliswa nokudluliswa kwe-plasticizer kuzincibilikisi ezahlukene njenge-hexane.
Isiphetho:
Ukukhishwa nokufuduka kwe-plasticizer kungenye yezinkinga ezibalulekile ekusetshenzisweni kwemikhiqizo ethambile ye-PVC. Uma ingenakuxazululwa kahle, ngeke nje ithinte ukusebenza kwesevisi kanye nomphumela wemikhiqizo ye-PVC ethambile, kodwa futhi ilethe umonakalo othile endaweni ephilayo yabantu kanye nempilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, le nkinga idonse ukunakwa okwengeziwe.
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