Iimveliso ezithambileyo zePVC ziqulathe amacandelo athile eplastizer. Ezi plasticizers ziya kufuduka, zikhuphe kwaye ziguquke ukuya kumaqondo ahlukeneyo ngexesha lokusetyenzwa kwesibini kunye nokusetyenziswa kweemveliso. Ukulahlekelwa kweplastiki akuyi kunciphisa kuphela ukusebenza kweemveliso zePVC, kodwa kungcolise umgangatho weemveliso kunye nabafowunelwa. Okubaluleke ngakumbi, kuya kuzisa uthotho lweengxaki kwindalo kunye nempilo yabantu. Ke ngoko, ukufuduka kunye nokutsalwa kweplastiki kuye kwaba ngumqobo omkhulu othintela ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kweemveliso ezithambileyo zePVC.

Kwinkqubo yePVC, wax ye-polyethylene ene-oxidized ingenziwa iplastiki ngaphambi kwexesha, kwaye i-torque kamva iyancitshiswa. Inokutyalwa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle okugqwesileyo. Inokuphucula ukusasazeka kombala, ukunika iimveliso ukukhazimla okulungileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Imiphumo emibi yokufuduka kwe-plasticizer kunye nokuhoxiswa
1. Xa ukufuduka kunye nokutsalwa kwe-plasticizer kwi-PVC kunzulu, iimveliso ziya kutshintsha kakhulu, kubangele ukuthambisa, ukunyathela kunye nokuqhekeka kwendawo yeemveliso. Imvula ihlala ibangela ungcoliseko lwemveliso kwaye ichaphazele ukusetyenzwa kwesibini kweemveliso. Ngokomzekelo, iimolekyuli ze-plasticizer kwi-PVC i-coiled waterproof material iyafuduka, kwaye i-PVC ngaphandle kwe-plasticizer iya kuncipha kwaye ibe lukhuni, nto leyo inokukhokelela ekungaphumeleli komsebenzi wokungangeni manzi. Xa iimveliso ze-PVC ezithambileyo zincamatheliswa ngokuncamathelisa okusekwe kwi-solvent ngokubanzi, iplastiizer engaphakathi kweemveliso iya kuhlala ifuduka iye kumaleko okudibanisa, okukhokelela ekwehleni okubukhali kumandla okudibanisa, okukhokelela kwiingxaki ezinjengokubumbana obuthathaka okanye ukubola. Xa iimveliso ze-PVC ezithambileyo ziqatywe okanye zipeyintwe, nazo zijongene nengxaki yokwaleka okanye umaleko wepeyinti owehlayo ngenxa yokutsalwa kweplasticizer. Ushicilelo lwePVC, ukutsalwa kweplasticizer yinto enkulu kwi-inki kunye neshishini lokuvelisa lokushicilela.
I-2, kwinkqubo ye-plasticizer precipitation kwi-PVC, ezinye izinto, ezifana ne-pigment granules, i-flavour, i-antistatic agents kunye ne-stabilizers, ziya kukhutshwa. Ngenxa yokulahleka kwezi zixhobo, iipropathi ezibonakalayo zeemveliso zePVC ziya kuncipha, kwaye ezinye iipropathi ziya kulahleka. Ezi mvula ziya kungcolisa kwaye zitshabalalise izinto ezisondeleleneyo nazo. Ukuba i-PVC ethambileyo kunye neemveliso ze-polystyrene zidityanisiwe, i-plasticizer isuka kwi-PVC iya kuchaphazela ukusebenza kweemveliso ze-polystyrene kwaye ibangele ukuthotywa kweemveliso ze-polystyrene.
Ifomu yelahleko yeplastiki
IiPlastiki, ngaphandle kwepolyester kunye nezinye iiplastiki ezinobunzima bemolekyuli, zizinto eziphilayo ezincinci zemolekyuli. Xa zongezwa kwi-PVC, azikho i-polymerized kwi-polymer chain ye-PVC, kodwa zidityaniswe neemolekyuli ze-PVC nge-hydrogen bond okanye i-van der Waals force ukugcina iipropati zabo zemichiza ezizimeleyo.
Xa i-PVC ethambileyo idibanisa ne-fixed medium (isigaba segesi, isigaba se-liquid kunye nesigaba esiqinileyo) ixesha elide, i-plasticizer iya kulungiswa ngokuthe ngcembe ukusuka kwi-PVC kwaye ingene phakathi. Ngokwamajelo onxibelelwano ahlukeneyo, iindlela zokulahleka kweplastizer zinokwahlulwa zibe yilahleko ye-volatilization, ilahleko yokutsalwa kunye nokulahleka kokufuduka.
Inkqubo yokulahleka kwe-plasticizer volatilization, ukukhutshwa kunye nokufuduka kubandakanya izigaba ezithathu ezisisiseko:
(1) I-plasticizer isasazeka kwindawo yangaphakathi;
(2) Umphezulu wangaphakathi utshintsha ube yimeko “yokurhaxa”;
(3) Ukusasaza kude nomphezulu.

Ilahleko yeplasticizer inxulumene nesakhiwo sayo semolekyuli, ubunzima bemolekyuli, ukuhambelana nepolymer, okuphakathi, okusingqongileyo kunye nezinye izinto. Ukuguquguquka kweplasticizer ikakhulu kuxhomekeke kubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nobushushu bendawo, ukutsalwa ikakhulu kuxhomekeke ekunyibilikeni kweplasticizer phakathi, kwaye ukuhamba kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokuhambelana kweplastizer kunye nePVC. Ukusasazwa kwe-plasticizer kwi-PVC kunokuqhutyelwa phantsi kweemeko zepolymer kunye ne-medium engayi kungena kwi-polymer, okanye phantsi kweemeko ze-medium eziza kungena kwi-polymer. Utshintsho olwahlukileyo kunye nokuphendula komphezulu wepolymer kuya kuchaphazela ukusasazwa kweplasticizer. I-interfacial diffusion ye-plasticizer yinkqubo enzima, ehambelana nentsebenziswano ye-medium, PVC polymer kunye ne-plasticizer.
Izinto eziphembelela ukufuduka kunye nokutsalwa kweplasticizer
1. Ubunzima bemolekyuli kunye nesakhiwo semolekyuli yeplasticizer
Ubukhulu bobunzima bemolekyuli yeplasticizer, ubukhulu bomthamo wamaqela aqulethwe kwimolekyuli, kokukhona kunzima kubo ukuba basasazeke kwiPVC yeplastiki, amathuba amancinci okufikelela kumphezulu, kwaye asezantsi amathuba okutsalwa kunye nokufuduka. Ukuze ube nokuqina okuhle, kuyimfuneko ukuba ubunzima bemolekyuli beplastiki bungaphezulu kwama-350. Iipolyester kunye ne-phenylpolyacid esters (ezifana ne-trimellitic acid esters) iiplastiki ezinobunzima bemolekyuli obungaphezulu kwe-1000 zinokuqina okuhle kakhulu.
2. Iqondo lobushushu lokusingqongileyo
Ukuphakama kobushushu obukhoyo beemveliso zePVC, kokukhona intshukumo yeBrownian yeemolekyuli iqatsela, kwaye kokukhona amandla amakhulu phakathi kweemolekyuli zeplasticizer kunye nePVC macromolecules, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukuba iimolekyuli zeplasticizer zisasazeke kumphezulu wemveliso nangaphezulu. phakathi.
3. Umxholo wePlasticizer
Ngokubanzi, okukhona uphezulu umxholo wamacandelo e-plasticizer kwifomula, kokukhona iimolekyuli zeplasticizer kwiPVC yePlasitiki kunye neemolekyuli zeplasticizer ngaphezulu kumphezulu wemveliso. Ngokulula ngakumbi i-plasticizer ibanjwe yi-contact medium kwaye ikhutshwe okanye ifuduke, kwaye iimolekyuli ze-plasticizer zangaphakathi zihamba kwaye zongezele ukusuka kugxininiso oluphezulu ukuya kwindawo ephantsi yoxinaniso. Kwangaxeshanye, okukhona iiplasticizers ezincinci neziphakathi kwiPVC, kokukhona amathuba ongquzulwano kunye nentshukumo ethile phakathi kweemolekyuli zeplasticizer, ukuze buthathaka amandla okubopha phakathi kweemolekyuli zeplasticizer kunye nePVC macromolecules kwaye zenze intshukumo yazo kunye nokusasazwa ngaphakathi. PVC lula. Ke ngoko, kuluhlu oluthile, ukwanda komxholo weplasticizer kwenza ukuba iplastiki isasazeke lula.
4. I-medium
Ukukhutshwa kunye nokufuduka kwe-plasticizer akuhambelani kuphela kwiipropathi ze-plasticizer ngokwayo, kodwa zihambelana ngokusondeleyo ne-medium in contact. Iimpawu ze-physicochemical medium medium ekudibaneni nePVC yeplastiki zezona zinto zichaphazela ukutsalwa kweplastiki. Iiplastiki eziqhelekileyo zilula ukutsalwa ngepetroli okanye izinyibilikisi zeoli, kodwa kunzima ukutsalwa ngamanzi.
5. Ixesha
Ngokweencwadi, izinga lokufuduka kwe-DOP kwifilimu ye-PVC ihambelana nexesha. Kwinqanaba lokuqala lokufuduka, izinga likhawuleza. Ukuxinwa kwe-plasticizer efudukela kumphezulu kunomgca kunye nengcambu yexesha lokufuduka. Emva koko, kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha, izinga lokufuduka liyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye lifikelela kwi-equilib emva kwexesha elithile (720h ngakwesobunxele nasekunene).

Amanyathelo okusombulula imvula kunye nokufuduka kwePVC plasticizer
1. Ukongeza i-polyester plasticizer
Polyester plasticizer inobudlelwane obuhle kunye ne-DOP kunye nezinye iiplastiki ezincinci ze-molecular. Xa kukho umlinganiselo othile we-polyester plasticizer kwi-PVC plasticizer, inokutsala kwaye ilungise ezinye iiplasticizers ukuba zingasasazeki kumphezulu weemveliso ze-PVC, ukuze kuncitshiswe kwaye kuthintelwe ukufuduka kunye nokutsalwa kweplastiki.
2. Ukongeza i-nanoparticles
Ukongezwa kwee-nanoparticles kunokunciphisa izinga lokulahleka kokuhamba kwi-PVC ethambileyo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwenkonzo kunye nobomi benkonzo yezinto eziphathekayo zePVC. Ikhono le-nanoparticles ezahlukeneyo ukuvimbela ukufuduka kwe-plasticizer kuhluke, kwaye umphumo we-nano SiO2 ungcono kune-nano CaCO3.

3. Sebenzisa ulwelo lwe-ionic

Ulwelo lwe-Ionic lunokulawula ubushushu beglasi yokutshintsha kwepolymer kuluhlu olukhulu lobushushu. Imodyuli elastiki yemathiriyeli eyongezwe ngolwelo lwe-ionic ilingana naleyo xa i-DOP isetyenziswa njengeplastiki. Ulwelo lwe-Ionic yeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo endaweni yeplastizer ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphantsi kwayo kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu, ukuvuza okuphantsi kunye nokuzinza okuhle kwe-UV.
4.
Umphezulu wokutshiza ukutyabeka
5. Ukulungelelaniswa komphezulu Kumanzi
ane-catalyst yokudluliselwa kwesigaba esifanelekileyo, umphezulu weplastiki uguqulwa nge-sodium sulfide. Ngaphantsi kwesenzo sokukhanya, ubuso beemveliso zePVC zenza isakhiwo sothungelwano, esinokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukufuduka kweplastiki. I-PVC ethambileyo ephathwa yile ndlela ifanelekile kakhulu kwisicelo kwizixhobo zonyango kunye nezixhobo ezinxulumene nazo.
6. Ukuguqulwa
komphezulu I-leaching ye-plasticizer kwisisombululo se-polymer inokulawulwa ngokulungelelanisa iimpawu ze-polymer surface. Phakathi kweetekhnoloji ezininzi zohlengahlengiso, ukufakela i-polymer enyibilikayo emanzini kumphezulu yenye yeendlela eziphambili.
Kucetyiswa ukuba indlela yokuxhunyelelwa i-PEG kumphezulu wePVC ethambileyo kufuneka isetyenziselwe ukukhulisa i-hydrophilicity ye-substrate surface, ukuze inyanzelise ukuvuza kwe-plasticizer.
Ukongeza, ukusebenzisa i-catalyst yokudluliselwa kwesigaba kunye ne-thiosulfate anion ukuthatha indawo ye-athomu ye-chlorine kwi-PVC kwinkqubo yesisombululo se-aqueous inokunyusa umgangatho we-hydrophilicity kunye nokuthintela ukuvuza kunye nokudluliselwa kwe-plasticizer kwii-solvents ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-hexane.
Isiphelo:
Ukukhutshwa kunye nokufuduka kweplastiki yenye yeengxaki ezibalulekileyo ekusetyenzisweni kweemveliso ezithambileyo zePVC. Ukuba ayinakusonjululwa kakuhle, ayiyi kuchaphazela kuphela ukusebenza kwenkonzo kunye nesiphumo seemveliso zePVC ezithambileyo, kodwa zizisa ingozi ethile kwindawo yokuhlala yabantu kunye nempilo yabantu. Ngoko ke, le ngxaki iye yatsala ingqalelo ngakumbi nangakumbi.
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