Mefuta ea polasetiki e ts'ebetsong ea thermoplastic, ka lebaka la phetoho ea molumo e bakoang ke crystallization, khatello e matla ea ka hare, khatello e kholo ea masala a leqhoa karolong ea polasetiki, mokhoa o matla oa limolek'hule le lintlha tse ling, ha li bapisoa le polasetiki ea thermosetting, sekhahla sa shrinkage se seholo, shrinkage range e pharaletse, 'me tataiso ea eona e hlakile. Ho feta moo, shrinkage The shrinkage ka mor'a ho annealing kapa kalafo ea ho laola mongobo hangata e kholo ho feta ea polasetiki ea thermosetting.

Ha karolo ea polasetiki e bōptjoa, thepa e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e kopana le bokaholimo ba sekoti, 'me karolo e ka ntle ea pholile hang-hang e etsa khetla e tiileng e tlaase. Ka lebaka la ho se sebetse hantle ha mocheso oa polasetiki, karolo e ka hare ea likarolo tsa polasetiki e pholile butle-butle ho theha lera le tiileng le nang le shrinkage e kholo. Ka hona, botenya ba lerako, ho pholile butle le botenya bo phahameng ba lera bo fokotseha haholo. Ho phaella moo, ho ba teng kapa ho se be teng ha ho kenya, ho hlophisoa le bongata ba ho kenya ka ho toba ho ama tataiso ea phallo ea lintho tse bonahalang, kabo ea letsoalo le ho hanyetsa ho fokotseha, kahoo litšoaneleho tsa likarolo tsa polasetiki li na le tšusumetso e kholo ho boholo ba shrinkage le tataiso.
Sebopeho, boholo le kabo ea phallo ea phepelo e ama ka kotloloho tataiso ea phallo ea thepa, kabo ea letsoalo, ho boloka khatello le phello ea ho fepa le ho theha nako. Haeba karolo ea boema-kepe ba phepelo e tobileng le boema-kepe ba phepelo e le kholo (haholo-holo haeba karolo e teteaneng), shrinkage e nyane empa tataiso e le kholo, 'me haeba bophara le bolelele ba kou ea phepelo e le khuts'oane, tataiso e nyane. . Haeba e le haufi le kou ea phepelo kapa e bapile le tataiso ea phallo ea thepa, shrinkage e kholo.
Maemo a ho bopa: mocheso o phahameng oa hlobo, ho pholisa butle ha lintho tse entsoeng ka ho qhibiliha, ho teteana ho hoholo le ho fokotseha ho hoholo. Haholo-holo bakeng sa thepa ea kristale, shrinkage e kholoanyane ka lebaka la crystallinity e phahameng le phetoho e kholo ea molumo. Kabo ea mocheso oa hlobo e boetse e amana le pholileng ea ka hare le ka ntle ea likarolo tsa polasetiki le ho lumellana ha sekhahla, se amang ka ho toba boholo le tataiso ea shrinkage ea karolo ka 'ngoe. Ho phaella moo, ho tšoara khatello le nako ho boetse ho na le tšusumetso e kholo ho fokotsa. Ba nang le khatello e phahameng le nako e telele ba na le khutso e nyane empa tataiso e kholo.
Khatello ea ente e phahame, phapang ea viscosity ea lintho tse entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e nyane, khatello ea ho kuta ea interlayer e nyane, 'me rebound ea elastic ka mor'a ho heletsoa e kholo, kahoo shrinkage le eona e ka fokotsoa ka nepo. Mocheso oa thepa o phahame, shrinkage e kholo, empa tataiso e nyenyane. Ka hona, shrinkage ea likarolo tsa polasetiki le eona e ka fetoloa ka nepo ka ho lokisa mocheso oa hlobo, khatello, lebelo la ente le nako ea ho pholisa.
Nakong ea moralo oa hlobo, sekhahla sa shrinkage sa karolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea karolo ea polasetiki se tla khethoa ho ea ka boiphihlelo ho ea ka mofuta oa shrinkage oa lipolasetiki tse fapaneng, botenya ba lebota le sebopeho sa likarolo tsa polasetiki, sebopeho, boholo le kabo ea phallo ea phepelo, ebe sekoti. boholo bo tla baloa. Bakeng sa likarolo tsa polasetiki tse nepahetseng haholo le ha ho le thata ho tseba ho honyela, mekhoa e latelang e lokela ho sebelisoa ho rala hlobo:
① Sebopeho, boholo le maemo a sebopeho sa tsamaiso ea gating li khethoa ke tlhahlobo ea hlobo.
② Phetoho ea boholo ba likarolo tsa polasetiki tse lokelang ho phekoloa li tla khethoa ka mor'a phekolo (tekanyo e lokela ho ba lihora tse 24 ka mor'a ho qhaqha).
③ Lokisa lefu ho latela shrinkage ea 'nete.
④ Leka hlobo hape, 'me u fetole maemo a ts'ebetso ka nepo,' me u fetole boleng ba shrinkage hanyane ho fihlela litlhoko tsa likarolo tsa polasetiki.
The fluidity ea thermoplastics ka kakaretso e ka hlahlojoa ho tloha letotong la li-index tse kang boima ba molek'hule, melt index, Archimedean spiral flow length, viscosity e hlakileng le karolelano ea phallo (bolelele ba ts'ebetso / karolo ea polasetiki ea lebota).
Haeba boima ba limolek'hule bo le nyane, kabo ea boima ba limolek'hule e pharaletseng, sebopeho sa molek'hule se fokola, index ea ho qhibiliha e phahame, bolelele ba phallo ea screw e telele, viscosity e bonahalang e nyane, 'me karolelano ea phallo e kholo, mokelikeli o teng. molemo. Bakeng sa lipolasetiki tse nang le lebitso le tšoanang la sehlahisoa, litaelo li tlameha ho hlahlojoa ho fumana hore na mokelikeli oa tsona o loketse ho etsoa ka ente. Ho ea ka litlhoko tsa moralo oa hlobo, metsi a polasetiki a tloaelehileng a ka aroloa ka mekhahlelo e meraro:
① Good fluidity PA, PE , PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methylene:
② Li-resin tsa polystyrene tse nang le metsi a mahareng (joalo ka ABS, joalo ka), PMMA, POM le polyphenylene ether;
③ PC e sa sebetseng hantle, PVC e thata, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, fluoroplastics.
The fluidity ea li-plastiki tse fapa-fapaneng le tsona lia fetoha ka lebaka la lintlha tse sa tšoaneng tsa ho bōpa. Lintlha tse ka sehloohong tse susumetsang ke tse latelang:
① Ha mocheso o le holimo, metsi a eketseha, empa li-plastiki tse fapaneng le tsona li na le phapang. The fluidity ea PS (haholo-holo ba nang le tšusumetso e matla ea ho hanyetsa le boleng ba MFR), PP, PA, PMMA, polystyrene e fetotsoeng (e kang ABS, joalo ka), PC, Ca le li-plastiki tse ling li fetoha haholo ka mocheso. Bakeng sa PE, POM le, ho eketseha kapa ho fokotseha ha mocheso ho na le phello e fokolang ho metsi a bona. Ka hona, ea pele e lokela ho fetola mocheso ho laola metsi.
② Ka ho eketseha ha khatello ea ente, thepa e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e tla beoa haholo 'me mokelikeli o tla boela o eketsehe, haholo-holo PE le POM li utloahala haholoanyane, kahoo khatello ea ente e lokela ho lokisoa ho laola metsi nakong ea ho bōptjoa.
③ Sebopeho sa hlobo, sebopeho sa gating system, boholo, sebopeho, moralo oa sistimi e pholileng, khanyetso ea phallo ea thepa e qhibilihisitsoeng (joalo ka ho qeta bokaholimo, botenya ba karolo ea thepa, sebopeho sa cavity, sistimi ea ho tima) le lintlha tse ling li ama ka kotloloho metsi a nnete a thepa e qhibilihisitsoeng. lesoba. Haeba thepa e entsoeng ka ho qhibilihisoa e khothalletsoa ho fokotsa mocheso le ho eketsa ho hanyetsa metsi, metsi a tla fokotseha.
Sebopeho se utloahalang se tla khethoa ho ea ka metsi a polasetiki a sebelisitsoeng ka moralo oa hlobo. Nakong ea ho bōptjoa, mocheso oa thepa, mocheso oa hlobo, khatello ea ente, lebelo la ente le lintlha tse ling le tsona li ka laoloa ho lokisa boemo ba ho tlatsa hantle ho finyella litlhoko tsa ho bōpa.
Crystalline thermoplastics e ka aroloa ka polasetiki ea kristale le polasetiki ea amorphous (eo hape e tsejoang e le amorphous). Ntho e bitsoang "crystallization phenomenon" ke ketsahalo ea hore limolek'hule li tsamaea ka bolokolohi le ka ho feletseng boemong bo sa tsitsang ho tloha boemong ba ho qhibiliha ho ea boemong ba condensation ea li-plastiki, 'me e fetoha ketsahalo ea hore limolek'hule li khaotsa ho tsamaea ka bolokolohi, li hatelle boemo bo tsitsitseng hanyenyane,' me li be le ntho e makatsang. tšekamelo ea ho etsa hore tlhophiso ea limolek'hule e be mohlala o tloaelehileng.
Joalo ka mokhoa oa ponahalo oa ho ahlola mefuta ena e 'meli ea polasetiki, e ka khethoa ke ho pepeseha ha likarolo tse teteaneng tsa polasetiki tsa lerako. Ka kakaretso, lisebelisoa tsa crystalline li na le opaque kapa translucent (joaloka POM), le lisebelisoa tsa amorphous li hlakile (joalo ka PMMA). Leha ho le joalo, ho na le mekhelo. Ka mohlala, poly (4) methylene ke polasetiki ea crystalline e nang le pepenene e phahameng, 'me ABS ke thepa ea amorphous empa e sa bonahale.
Litlhoko tse latelang le litemoso tsa lipolasetiki tsa kristale li tla hlokomeloa nakong ea moralo oa hlobo le khetho ea mochini oa ho bopa ente:
① Ho hlokahala mocheso o mongata hore mocheso oa thepa o nyolohele ho mocheso oa sebopeho, kahoo lisebelisoa tse nang le matla a maholo a polasetiki li lokela ho sebelisoa.
② Mocheso o lokollotsoeng nakong ea pholileng le ho tsosolosa o moholo, kahoo o lokela ho pholile ka ho feletseng.
③ Phapang e khethehileng ea matla a khoheli pakeng tsa boemo bo qhibilihisitsoeng le boemo bo tiileng bo boholo, shrinkage ea ho bopa e kholo, 'me shrinkage le porosity li bonolo ho etsahala.
④ Pholiso e potlakileng, khanya e tlase ea kristale, shrinkage e nyane le pepeneneng e phahameng. The crystallinity e amana le botenya ba lerako la karolo ea polasetiki. Botenya ba marako bo na le melemo ea ho pholile butle, kristale e phahameng, ho fokotseha ho hoholo le thepa e ntle ea 'mele. Ka hona, mocheso oa hlobo oa thepa ea kristale o tlameha ho laoloa kamoo ho hlokahalang.
⑤ Anisotropy ea bohlokoa le khatello e kholo ea ka hare. Kamora ho nyenyefatsa, limolek'hule tse sa khabisoang li atisa ho tsoela pele ho khanya, li boemong ba ho se leka-lekane ha matla, 'me li na le tšekamelo ea ho fetoha le ho loana.
⑥ Mocheso oa mocheso oa crystallization o moqotetsane, 'me ho bonolo ho kenya lintho tse sa qhibilihisoang ka har'a lefi kapa ho thibela phallo ea lijo.
Kutloelo-bohloko ea mocheso e bolela tšekamelo ea ho fifala, ho senyeha le ho senyeha ha lipolasetiki tse ling tse utloang mocheso haholoanyane. Ha li futhumetse ka nako e telele mocheso o phahameng kapa karolo ea ho kenya lijo e nyenyane haholo 'me phello ea ho kuta e kholo, mocheso oa thepa oa eketseha. Lipolasetiki tse nang le tšobotsi ena li bitsoa lipolasetiki tse utloang mocheso.
Tse kang PVC e thata, polyvinylidene chloride, vinyl acetate copolymer, POM, polytrichlorethylene fluoride, joalo-joalo Li-plastiki tse nang le mocheso o chesang li hlahisa monomer, khase, lihlahisoa tse tiileng le tse ling nakong ea ho bola, haholo-holo likhase tse ling tsa ho bola li na le ts'usumetso, ho bola kapa chefo 'meleng oa motho, thepa le hlobo. Ka hona, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho moralo oa hlobo, khetho ea mochini oa ente le ho bopa. Mochini oa ho etsa ente ea screw o lokela ho khethoa. Karolo ea tsamaiso ea li-gate e lokela ho ba kholo. Hlobo le moqomo li lokela ho ba chrome e pentiloeng ntle le ho ema ha angular. Thempereichara ea ho bopa e tlameha ho laoloa ka thata 'me stabilizer e tlameha ho kenngoa ka polasetiki ho fokolisa kutlo ea eona ea mocheso.
Esita le haeba li-plastiki tse ling (tse kang PC) li na le metsi a fokolang, li tla senyeha tlas'a mocheso o phahameng le khatello e phahameng. Thepa ena e bitsoa bonolo hydrolysis, e lokelang ho futhumatsoa le ho omisoa esale pele.
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