Iindidi zePlastiki kwinkqubo yokubumba ye-thermoplastic, ngenxa yotshintsho lwevolumu olubangelwa yikristale, uxinzelelo olunamandla lwangaphakathi, uxinzelelo olukhulu olushiyekileyo olukhenkcezileyo kwinxalenye yeplastiki, ukuqhelaniswa nemolekyuli eyomeleleyo kunye nezinye izinto, xa kuthelekiswa neeplastiki ze-thermosetting, izinga lokuncipha likhulu, Uluhlu lwe-shrinkage lubanzi, kwaye ulwalathiso luyabonakala. Ukongeza, i-shrinkage Ukushwabana emva kokuthomalalisa okanye unyango lolawulo lokufuma ngokuqhelekileyo kukhulu kunolo lweplastiki ye-thermosetting.

Xa le nxalenye yeplastiki ibunjiwe, into etyhidiweyo idibana nomphezulu womqolo, kwaye umaleko ongaphandle uphole kwangoko ukwenza iqokobhe eliqinileyo elinoxinaniso olusezantsi. Ngenxa yokungaqhubi kakuhle kwe-thermal yeplastiki, umaleko wangaphakathi wamalungu eplastiki uphola ngokucothayo ukuze wenze umaleko oqinileyo oxineneyo ngokucutheka okukhulu. Ke ngoko, ubukhulu bodonga, ukupholisa okucothayo kunye nobungqingqwa bomgangatho ophezulu wobunzima buyancipha kakhulu. Ukongezelela, ubukho okanye ukungabikho kofakelo, ukwakheka kunye nobuninzi bokufaka kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto, ukusabalalisa ubuninzi kunye nokumelana nokunciphisa, ngoko ke iimpawu zeplastiki zinempembelelo enkulu kubukhulu bokunciphisa kunye nolwalathiso.
Ifom, ubungakanani kunye nokuhanjiswa kwe-feed inlet kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ulwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto, ukusabalalisa koxinzelelo, ukugcinwa koxinzelelo kunye nefuthe lokutya kunye nexesha lokubumba. Ukuba icandelo lezibuko lokutya elithe ngqo kunye nezibuko lokutya likhulu (ingakumbi ukuba icandelo lingqindilili), ukucutheka kuncinci kodwa ulwalathiso lulukhulu, kwaye ukuba ububanzi nobude bezibuko lokutya bufutshane, ulwalathiso luncinci. . Ukuba isondele kwi-port yesondlo okanye ihambelana nolwalathiso lokuhamba kwezinto eziphathekayo, i-shrinkage inkulu.
Iimeko zokubumba: ubushushu obuphezulu bokubumba, ukupholisa okucothayo kwezinto ezityhidiweyo, ukuxinana okuphezulu kunye nokuncipha okukhulu. Ngokukodwa kwi-crystalline material, i-shrinkage inkulu ngenxa ye-crystallinity ephezulu kunye nokuguqulwa kwevolumu enkulu. Ukusabalalisa ubushushu bokubumba kuhambelana nokupholisa kwangaphakathi nangaphandle kwamalungu eplastiki kunye nokufana koxinaniso, okuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubungakanani kunye nolwalathiso lokunciphisa inxalenye nganye. Ukongeza, ukubamba uxinzelelo kunye nexesha nako kunempembelelo enkulu ekucuthekeni. Abo banoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nexesha elide bane-contraction encinci kodwa indlela enkulu.
Uxinzelelo lwenaliti luphezulu, umahluko we-viscosity wezinto ezityhidiweyo zincinci, uxinzelelo lwe-shear ye-interlayer luncinci, kwaye i-elastic rebound emva kokudilizwa inkulu, ngoko ke ukushwabana kunokuncitshiswa ngokufanelekileyo. Ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo buphezulu, i-shrinkage inkulu, kodwa i-directionality incinci. Ke ngoko, ukucutheka kwamalungu eplastiki nako kunokutshintshwa ngokufanelekileyo ngokulungelelanisa ubushushu bokubumba, uxinzelelo, isantya sokutofa kunye nexesha lokupholisa.
Ngexesha loyilo lokungunda, ireyithi yokucutheka kwenxalenye nganye yenxalenye yeplastiki iya kumiselwa ngokwamava ngokoluhlu lokucutheka lweeplastiki ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu bodonga kunye nokumila kwamalungu eplastiki, ifom, ubungakanani kunye nokusasazwa kwe-feed inlet, kwaye emva koko umngxuma. ubungakanani buya kubalwa. Kwiindawo zeplastiki ezichaneke kakhulu kwaye xa kunzima ukulawula ukushwabana, ezi ndlela zilandelayo kufuneka zisetyenziswe ukuyila
① Ifomu, ubungakanani kunye neemeko zokwenza inkqubo yokukhangela igqitywe ngovavanyo lokungunda.
② Ukutshintsha kobungakanani bamalungu eplastiki anyangwayo kuya kumiselwa emva konyango (umlinganiselo kufuneka ube ziiyure ezingama-24 emva kokudilizwa).
③ Lungisa ukufa ngokokucutheka.
④ Zama ukubumba kwakhona, kwaye utshintshe iimeko zenkqubo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye uguqule kancinane ixabiso le-shrinkage ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zamalungu eplastiki.
I-fluidity ye-thermoplastics ingacazululwa ngokubanzi kuluhlu lwezalathisi ezifana ne-molecular weight, melt index, i-Archimedean spiral flow length, i-viscosity ebonakalayo kunye ne-flow ratio (ubude benkqubo / inxalenye yeplastiki ubukhulu bodonga).
Ukuba ubunzima bemolekyuli buncinci, ubunzima bemolekyuli bubanzi, ubume bemolekyuli buba mbi, isalathiso sokunyibilika siphezulu, ubude bokuqukuqela bude bubude, i-viscosity ebonakalayo incinci, kwaye umyinge wokuhamba mkhulu, ukumanzi kuninzi. Kulungile. Kwiiplastiki ezinegama elifanayo lemveliso, imiyalelo kufuneka ihlolwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ulwelo lwazo lufanelekile na ukubunjwa kwesitofu. Ngokweemfuno zoyilo lokungunda, ulwelo lweeplastiki eziqhelekileyo
lunokwahlulwa
② Polystyrene series resins kunye medium fluidity (ezifana ABS, njengoko), PMMA, POM kunye polyphenylene ether;
③ I-PC engekho manzi, i-PVC eqinile, i-polyphenylene ether, i-polysulfone, i-fluoroplastics.
Ubumanzi beeplastiki ezahlukeneyo nabo bayatshintsha ngenxa yezinto ezahlukeneyo zokubumba. Ezona zinto ziphembelelayo zezi zilandelayo:
① Xa iqondo lobushushu liphezulu, ubumanzi buyanda, kodwa iiplastiki ezahlukeneyo zinomohluko. I-fluidity ye-PS (ingakumbi abo banempembelelo ephezulu yokuchasana kunye nexabiso le-MFR), i-PP, i-PA, i-PMMA, i-polystyrene elungisiweyo (njenge-ABS, njenge), i-PC, i-Ca kunye nezinye iiplastiki zitshintsha kakhulu ngeqondo lokushisa. Kwi-PE, i-POM kunye, ukunyuka okanye ukuhla kweqondo lokushisa kunempembelelo encinci kumanzi abo. Ke ngoko, owokuqala kufuneka alungelelanise iqondo lobushushu ukulawula ubumanzi.
② Ngokunyuka koxinzelelo lwenaliti, izinto ezityhidiweyo ziya kuchetywa kakhulu kwaye ukumanzi kuya kwanda, ngakumbi i-PE kunye ne-POM zinovakalelo ngakumbi, ngoko ke uxinzelelo lwenaliti kufuneka luhlengahlengiswe ukuze kulawuleke umbane ngexesha lokubumba.
③ Isakhiwo somngundo, indlela yokungena, ubungakanani, uyilo, uyilo lwenkqubo yokupholisa, ukuchasana nokuhamba kwezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo (ezifana nokugqitywa komphezulu, ubukhulu becandelo leshaneli, imilo yombhobho, inkqubo yokukhupha) kunye nezinye izinto ezichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ubumanzi bezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo. umgodi. Ukuba izinto ezityhidiweyo zikhuthazwa ukuba zinciphise ubushushu kunye nokwandisa ukuchasana kwe-fluidity, i-fluidity iya kuncitshiswa.
Ulwakhiwo olunengqiqo luya kukhethwa ngokobumanzi beplastiki esetyenziswe kuyilo lokubumba. Ngexesha lokubumba, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo, ubushushu bokubumba, uxinzelelo lwe-injection, isantya se-injection kunye nezinye izinto zinokulawulwa ukulungelelanisa ngokufanelekileyo imeko yokuzalisa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokubumba.
ICrystalline thermoplastics inokohlulwa ibe ziiplastiki zekristale kunye ne-amorphous (ekwaziwa ngokuba yi-amorphous) iiplastiki. Into ebizwa ngokuba yi-crystallization phenomenon yinto yokuba iimolekyuli zihamba ngokuzimeleyo kwaye ngokupheleleyo kwimeko ephazamisekileyo ukusuka kwimeko yokunyibilika ukuya kwimo ye-condensation yeeplastiki, kwaye ibe yinto yokuba iimolekyuli ziyeke ukuhamba ngokukhululekileyo, zicinezele indawo esisigxina, kwaye ibe yinto ephazamisayo. utyekelo lokwenza ilungiselelo lemolekyuli libe yimodeli eqhelekileyo.
Njengomgangatho wembonakalo yokugweba ezi ntlobo zimbini zeplastiki, inokumiselwa ngokubonakala kweendawo ezishinyeneyo zodonga lweplastiki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ze-crystalline zi-opaque okanye ziguquguqukayo (ezifana ne-POM), kunye nezixhobo ze-amorphous ziyabonakala (njenge-PMMA). Nangona kunjalo, zikho iimeko. Ngokomzekelo, i-poly (4) i-methylene yiplastiki yekristali ene-transparency ephezulu, kwaye i-ABS yimpahla ye-amorphous kodwa ayibonakali.
Ezi mfuno zilandelayo kunye nezilumkiso zeplastiki zekristale ziya kuqatshelwa ngexesha loyilo lokungunda kunye nokukhetha umatshini wokubumba inaliti:
① Ubushushu obungaphezulu bufuneka ukuze ubushushu bezinto bunyuke bufikelele kwiqondo lobushushu
② Ubushushu obukhutshiweyo ngexesha lokupholisa kunye nokuhlaziya bukhulu, ngoko ke kufuneka bupholiswe ngokupheleleyo.
③ Umahluko othile womxhuzulane phakathi kwemeko enyibilikisiweyo kunye nemo eqinileyo inkulu, ukushwabana kokubumba kukhulu, kwaye ukushwabana kunye ne-porosity kulula ukwenzeka.
④ Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza, ubucwebe obuphantsi, ukushwabana okuncinci kunye nokubonakala okuphezulu. I-crystallinity ihambelana nobukhulu bodonga lwenxalenye yeplastiki. Ubunzima bodonga bunenzuzo yokupholisa okucothayo, i-crystallinity ephezulu, i-shrinkage enkulu kunye neempawu ezintle zomzimba. Ke ngoko, iqondo lobushushu lokungunda lezinto zekristale kufuneka ilawulwe njengoko kufuneka.
⑤ I-anisotropy ebalulekileyo kunye noxinzelelo olukhulu lwangaphakathi. Emva kokudilizwa, iimolekyuli ezingacwengisiswanga zikholisa ukuqhubeka nokukhazimla, zikwimeko yokungalingani kwamandla, kwaye zityekele ekuguqukeni nasekulweni.
⑥ Uluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu becrystallization lumxinwa, kwaye kulula ukutofa izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwidiyizi okanye uvale indawo yokutya.
Ubuzaza bobushushu bubhekisa kumkhwa wokuguquka kombala, ukuthotywa kunye nokubola kwezinye iiplastiki ezithe kratya kubushushu. Xa zifudumala ixesha elide kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu okanye icandelo le-feed inlet lincinci kakhulu kwaye umphumo we-shear mkhulu, ubushushu bezinto eziphathekayo buyanda. Iiplastiki ezinolu phawu zibizwa ngokuba ziiplastiki ezibuthathaka kubushushu.
Ezinje nge-PVC enzima, i-polyvinylidene chloride, i-vinyl acetate copolymer, i-POM, i-polytrichlorethylene fluoride, njl. izixhobo kunye nokungunda. Ke ngoko, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kuyilo lokubumba, ukhetho lomatshini wokubumba inaliti kunye nokubumba. Umatshini wokubumba wokubumba we-Screw kufuneka ukhethwe. Icandelo lenkqubo yokungena kufuneka libe likhulu. Umngundo kunye nebhere kufuneka i-chrome ifakwe ngaphandle kokuma kwe-angular. Iqondo lokushisa lokubumba kufuneka lilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye i-stabilizer kufuneka yongezwe kwiplastiki ukuze yenze buthathaka ubuntu bayo bokushisa.
Nangona ezinye iiplastiki (ezifana nePC) ziqulethe inani elincinci lamanzi, ziya kubola phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu. Le propati ibizwa ngokuba yi-hydrolysis elula, ekufuneka ishushu kwaye yomiswe kwangaphambili.
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