Izvo zvinhu zvakaita senge shrinkage, fluidity, crystallinity, mapurasitiki anonzwa kupisa uye mapurasitiki ari nyore hydrolyzed, kusagadzikana kutsemuka uye kunyunguduka kuputika, kuita kwekupisa, kutonhora kwemazinga, kunyura hunyoro uye zvichingodaro zvinofanirwa kutariswa mukugadzika kwejekiseni rekuumba maitiro.

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1. Shrinkage
Chimiro uye kuverenga kwe thermoplastic molding shrinkage inotsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa thermoplastic molding shrinkage ndezvizvi zvinotevera:
1.1 mapurasitiki emhando
Panguva yekuumbwa kweiyo thermoplastic, nekuda kwekushanduka kwevhoriyamu kunokonzerwa nekristalllization, kusimba kwemukati kushushikana, kukuru kusara kunetseka kwakaomeswa nechando muchikamu chepurasitiki, yakasimba molecular orientation nezvimwe zvinhu, zvichienzaniswa. ne thermosetting mapurasitiki, shrinkage rate yakakura, shrinkage range yakafara uye kutungamira kuri pachena. Pamusoro pezvo, iyo shrinkage Iyo shrinkage mushure mekuvharisa kana humidity yekudzora kurapwa kazhinji yakakura kupfuura iyo thermosetting mapurasitiki.
1.2 epurasitiki chikamu maitiro
Panguva yekuumbwa, zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zvinobata mhango, uye kunze kunotonhora kuumba ganda rakadzika-density yakasimba. Nekuda kwehurombo hwekupisa kwepurasitiki, chikamu chemukati chezvikamu zvepurasitiki chinotonhora zvishoma nezvishoma kuita dhizaini yakasimba yakasimba ine shrinkage yakakura. Naizvozvo, ukobvu hwemadziro, kutonhora kunononoka uye yakakwirira-density layer ukobvu inoderera zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, kuvapo kana kusavapo kwekuisa, marongerwo uye kuwanda kwekuisa kunokanganisa zvakananga kuyerera kwezvinhu, density kugovera uye shrinkage kuramba, saka hunhu hwezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvine simba guru pane shrinkage saizi uye kutungamira.
1.3 feed inlet fomu, saizi uye kugovera
Izvi zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvakananga mafambiro ekuyerera, density kugovera, kumanikidza kuchengetedza uye kudyisa maitiro uye kugadzira nguva. Kana chikamu chechiteshi chekudya chakananga uye chiteshi chekudya chakakura (kunyanya kana chikamu chakakora), shrinkage idiki asi kutungamira kwakakura, uye kana hupamhi nekureba kwechiteshi chekudya kuri kupfupi, kutungamira kuri kudiki. . Kana iri padyo nechiteshi chekudya kana kuenderana negwara rekuyerera kwezvinhu, iyo shrinkage yakakura.
1.4 kuumba mamiriro
Kupisa kwekupisa, kunonoka kutonhora kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa, kukwirira kwepamusoro uye shrinkage yakakura, kunyanya kune crystalline zvinhu, nekuda kwekristallinity yakakwirira uye kuchinja kukuru kwevhoriyamu, shrinkage yakakura. Iyo mold tembiricha yekugovera inoenderanawo nemukati uye kunze kutonhora kwezvikamu zvepurasitiki uye kufanana kwe density, iyo inokanganisa zvakananga saizi uye kutungamira kwekuderera kwechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Pamusoro pezvo, kubata kudzvanywa uye nguva zvakare zvine simba guru pakusunga. Avo vane dzvinyiriro huru uye nguva refu vane diki diki diki asi gwara rakakura.
Iyo jekiseni yekumanikidza yakakwira, iyo viscosity mutsauko wezvakanyungudutswa idiki, iyo interlayer shear stress idiki, uye elastic rebound mushure mekudhirowa yakakura, saka shrinkage inogona zvakare kuderedzwa zvakakodzera. Iyo tembiricha yezvinhu yakakwira, iyo shrinkage yakakura, asi iyo nzira idiki. Naizvozvo, iyo shrinkage yezvikamu zvepurasitiki zvinogona zvakare kushandurwa nenzira kwayo nekugadzirisa tembiricha yekuumbwa, kudzvanywa, kumhanya kwejekiseni uye nguva yekutonhora.

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Munguva yekugadzira mold, shrinkage rate yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chechikamu chepurasitiki ichatemwa zvichienderana neruzivo maererano nehupamhi hwemapurasitiki akasiyana-siyana, kukora kwemadziro uye chimiro chezvikamu zvepurasitiki, fomu, saizi uye kugovera kwekudya, uye ipapo gomba. saizi ichaverengerwa. Kune yakakwirira-chaiyo zvikamu zvepurasitiki uye kana zvichinetsa kugona kudzika, nzira dzinotevera dzinofanirwa kushandiswa kugadzira mold:
① Kune yekunze dhayamita yechikamu chepurasitiki, iyo diki shrinkage rate inotorwa, uye yakakura shrinkage rate inotorwa. inotorwa kudhayamita yemukati, kuitira kuti usiye nzvimbo yekugadzirisa mushure mekuedzwa kwe mold.
② Iyo fomu, saizi uye yekugadzira mamiriro egating system inotemerwa ne mold test.
③ Saizi yekuchinja kwezvikamu zvepurasitiki kuti zvigadziriswe zvinogadziriswa mushure mekurapwa (chiyero chinofanira kunge chiri maawa makumi maviri nemana mushure mekudhirowa).
④ Gadzirisa iyo inofa zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo shrinkage.
⑤ Edza mold zvakare, uye shandura maitiro ekugadzirisa zvakakodzera, uye zvishoma shandura kukosha kwe shrinkage kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvezvikamu zvepurasitiki.
2. Mobility
The fluidity of thermoplastics inogona kazhinji kuongororwa kubva munhevedzano ye indexes senge molecular weight, melt index, Archimedean spiral flow length, inooneka viscosity uye kuyerera reshiyo (process urefu / plastiki chikamu madziro ukobvu).
Kana huremu hwemamorekuru huri diki, huremu hwemamorekuru hwakakura, chimiro chemolecular chimiro chakashata, iyo melt index yakakwira, iyo screw yekuyerera kureba, iyo inooneka viscosity idiki, uye chiyero chekuyerera yakakura, fluidity kugona. Kune mapurasitiki ane zita rechigadzirwa chimwe chete, mirairo inofanirwa kutariswa kuti ione kana fluidity yavo yakakodzera kuumbwa kwejekiseni. Zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira mold, iyo fluidity yemapurasitiki akajairika anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu:
① Zvakanaka fluidity: PA, PE, PS, PP, CA, poly (4) methylene;
② Polystyrene series resins ine medium fluidity (yakadai seABS, se), PMMA, POM uye polyphenylene ether;
③ Yakashata fluidity PC, yakaoma PVC, polyphenylene ether, polysulfone, polysulfone, fluoroplastics.
Iyo fluidity yemapurasitiki akasiyana zvakare inoshanduka nekuda kweakasiyana ekuumba zvinhu. Zvinonyanya kupesvedzera zvinhu ndezvizvi zvinotevera:
① Kana tembiricha yakakwira, kuyerera kunowedzera, asi mapurasitiki akasiyana anewo misiyano. The fluidity yePS (kunyanya avo vane high impact resistance uye MFR value), PP, PA, PMMA, modified polystyrene (yakadai seABS, as), PC, Ca uye mamwe mapurasitiki anoshanduka zvikuru nekushisa. Kune PE, POM uye, kuwedzera kana kuderera kwekushisa kune zvishoma zvinokanganisa kuyerera kwavo. Naizvozvo, iyo yekutanga inofanirwa kugadzirisa tembiricha kudzora fluidity.
② Nekuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa kwejekiseni, zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa zvichaveurwa zvakanyanya uye kunyungudika kuchawedzerawo, kunyanya PE nePOM zvakanyanya kunzwisiswa, saka iyo jekiseni yekumanikidza inofanirwa kugadziridzwa kudzora fluidity panguva yekuumbwa.
③ Mold chimiro, gating system fomu, saizi, dhizaini, kutonhora sisitimu dhizaini, yakanyungudutswa kuyerera kuyerera (senge kupedzisa kwepamusoro, zvinhu chiteshi chikamu ukobvu, mhango chimiro, exhaust system) uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokanganisa zvakananga kuyerera chaiko kwezvinhu zvakanyungudutswa mu mhango. Kana iyo yakanyungudutswa yakakurudzirwa kuderedza tembiricha uye kuwedzera fluidity kuramba, iyo fluidity inoderedzwa.
Chimiro chinonzwisisika chichasarudzwa maererano nekuyerera kwepurasitiki inoshandiswa mukugadzira mold. Munguva yekuumbwa, tembiricha yemidziyo, tembiricha yekuumbwa, kudzvanywa kwejekiseni, kumhanya kwejekiseni uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinogona zvakare kudzorwa kuti igadzirise zvakanaka mamiriro ekuzadza kuti asangane nezvinodiwa zvekuumba.
3. Crystallinity
Thermoplastics inogona kukamurwa kuita crystalline mapurasitiki uye amorphous (anozivikanwawo seamorphous) mapurasitiki maererano nekusina kwavo crystallization panguva ye condensation.
Iyo inonzi crystallization phenomenon chiitiko chekuti mamorekuru anofamba akazvimiririra uye akazara munzvimbo isina kugadzikana kubva pakunyunguduka kuenda kune condensation mamiriro emapurasitiki, uye inova chiitiko chekuti mamorekuru anomira kufamba akasununguka, anodzvanya chinzvimbo chakamisikidzwa zvishoma, uye ane. tsika yekuita kuti hurongwa hwema molecular ive muenzaniso wemazuva ose.
Sechimiro chechimiro chekutonga marudzi maviri aya emapurasitiki, inogona kutariswa nekubuda pachena kwemadziro akakora epurasitiki zvikamu zvepurasitiki. Kazhinji, makristasi emidziyo ane opaque kana translucent (senge POM), uye amorphous zvinhu zviri pachena (senge PMMA). Zvisinei, pane zvisizvo. Semuenzaniso, poly (4) methylene ipurasitiki yekristaro ine kujeka kwepamusoro, uye ABS ndeye amorphous zvinhu asi isiri pachena.

Sainuo ope wakisi hupfu

Zvinotevera zvinodikanwa uye zvekuchengetedza mapurasitiki ekristaro zvichacherechedzwa panguva yekugadzira mold uye kusarudzwa kwejekiseni rekugadzira muchina:
① Kupisa kwakawanda kunodiwa kuti tembiricha yemidziyo ikwire kusvika kune tembiricha yekugadzira, saka zvishandiso zvine hombe yeplasticizing inofanira kushandiswa.
② Kupisa kunoburitswa panguva yekutonhodza uye kudzokorodza kwakakura, saka kunofanirwa kunyatsotonhorera.
③ Iyo chaiyo giravhiti mutsauko pakati peyakanyungudutswa uye yakasimba nyika yakakura, iyo yekuumba shrinkage yakakura, uye shrinkage uye porosity zviri nyore kuitika.
④ Kukurumidza kutonhora, yakaderera crystallinity, diki shrinkage uye yakakwirira pachena. Iyo crystallinity inoenderana nemadziro emadziro echikamu chepurasitiki. Ukobvu hwemadziro hune zvakanakira kutonhora kunononoka, yakakwirira crystallinity, yakakura shrinkage uye yakanaka yemuviri zvinhu. Naizvozvo, tembiricha yekuumbwa yecrystalline zvinhu zvinofanirwa kudzorwa sezvinodiwa.
⑤ Yakakosha anisotropy uye kushushikana kukuru kwemukati. Mushure mekudhirowa, iwo asina kucheneswa mamorekuru anowanzo kuenderera mberi nekupenya, ari mune simba kusaenzana, uye anowanzo chinja uye warpage.
⑥ Iyo crystallization tembiricha yemhando yakatetepa, uye zviri nyore kupinza zvinhu zvisina kunyungudika mufa kana kuvharira inopinza yekudya.
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